Investigation of linear and non-linear training on range of motion of wrist, elbow and shoulder and accuracy of throwing in basketball free shot

Document Type : Original Article/Open Access/ Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license

Authors

1 phd student

2 Faculty of physical education and sport sciences in Kharazmi university, tehra, iran

3 Assistant Professor of Imam Ali Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tehran Branch, Tehran Center, Iran

Abstract

New learning methods have facilitated and accelerated the learning education process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the kinematic range of motion of the joints in the execution of the basketball free shot in a linear and non-linear way. The samples were divided into 3 groups of linear training, differential training and training with the manipulation of task constraints, and they practiced basketball free throw in 8 sessions. The data were collected kinematically through the pre-test and post-test by the Noraxon motion measurement device (IMU sensors) from the upper body organs and the accuracy scores were recorded. In order to analyze the data, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements (2*3) and the dependent t-test were used to compare the RMSe scores. The results showed that the range of motion of the wrist and elbow joints decreased in all groups and no significant difference was found between the groups (P≤ .01); but, the accuracy scores in the non-linear group improved significantly. Therefore, due to the relative superiority of non-linear methods, these methods are recommended to active trainers in this field for teaching movement skills.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Mind, Movement, and Behavior
Volume 3, Issue 2
August 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 18 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 28 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 08 September 2024

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