The Psychometric of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Basic Motor Competencies in Children: The SEMOK-1-2 Instrument

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Department of Sports Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

2 Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

3 Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

10.22034/mmbj.2025.67091.1174

Abstract

Both actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC) play an important role in research on motor development and physical and mental development of children. Despite the importance of this topic in young children, very few tools exist in this area and some text versions lack justification for understanding by children at younger ages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric of the pictorial scale of perceived basic motor competencies in children (SEMOK-1-2) Instrument. This eight-item questionnaire assesses the two-dimensional competence domains of “self-movement” and “object movement”. A total of 187 children aged 6-8 years (108 boys and 79 girls) were selected using a multi-stage cluster method and completed an eight-item questionnaire of perceived motor competence. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire and construct validity was used to determine the validity of the instrument using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the Persian version of this questionnaire supports the two-factor structure (eight questions) of the original questionnaire and has good internal consistency. The fit indices had acceptable values. The results of this study show that the Persian version of Pictorial of Perceived Basic Motor Competencies in Children scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used to assess perceived motor competences in the field of physical education. Therefore, it is recommended that physical education teachers and coaches use this tool to assess PMC for children aged 6-8 years.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Mind, Movement, and Behavior

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 27 December 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 09 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 17 July 2025
  • Accept Date: 27 December 2025

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