The Influence of Conscious Control Propensity on Basketball Passing Learning: The Moderating Role of Conscious Monitoring and Control

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Motor Behavior,

2 Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/mmbj.2026.69536.1230

Abstract

Abstract

This study examined the interactive effect of conscious control propensity (high/low) and practice instruction type (conscious monitoring/control) on learning a basketball accuracy pass in children. Forty-eight boys aged 10-12 years were screened using the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale and divided into High (n=24) and Low (n=24) Propensity groups. Within each, participants were randomly assigned to either a 12-person "conscious monitoring" or "conscious control" subgroup. The protocol included an acquisition phase (3 blocks of 10 trials), a transfer test (immediately after acquisition), and a retention test (5 days after acquisition). Acquisition data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA; transfer and retention data with two-way ANOVA and independent t-tests. A significant Propensity × Instruction interaction was found in both transfer and retention tests (p < .05). In the Low Propensity group, the monitoring group significantly outperformed the control group (p < .05, M = 13.17 vs. M = 9.31). In the High Propensity group, the difference between instructions was not significant (p > .05). Findings suggest that aligning the type of conscious practice instruction with a child's inherent propensity differentially influences motor learning outcomes.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Mind, Movement, and Behavior

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 15 May 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 October 2025
  • Revise Date: 02 February 2026
  • Accept Date: 15 May 2026

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