بررسی اثر فعالیت وامانده ساز حاد بر حافظه‌کاری جوانان ورزشکار و غیر ورزشکار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد،گروه تربیت بدنی،دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی،دانشگاه یزد،یزد،ایران.

2 استادیار،گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی وروانشناسی، دانشگاه یزد،یزد،ایران.

3 استادیار،گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی روانشناسی، دانشگاه یزد،یزد،ایران.

چکیده

اخیرا تاثیر شدت و نوع فعالیت بدنی بر کارکردهای اجرایی مورد توجه پژوهشگران زیادی قرار گرفته‌است. هدف ما از این پژوهش بررسی اثر فعالیت وامانده‌ساز حاد بر حافظه‌کاری جوانان ورزشکار و غیر ورزشکار بود. روش تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات نیمه‌تجربی و با طرح پیش‌آزمون – پس‌آزمون و و از نوع طرح‌های متقاطع بود. جامعه‌ آماری شامل پسران ورزشکار و غیر ورزشکار جوان و نمونه پژوهش شامل جوانان ورزشکاران و غیر ورزشکار پسر شهر یزد بود. از آزمون ان-بک ۲ برای اندازه‌گیری حافظه‌کاری و از پروتکل تمرینی کانکانی به عنوان پروتکل تمرین وامانده‌ساز استفاده‌شد. آزمون حافظه‌کاری بلافاصله بعد از آزمون وامانده‌ساز، پس از ۷ و ۱۵ دقیقه انجام‌شد. از روش تحلیل واریانس مرکب برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان دادند که بلافاصله پس از آزمون وامانده‌ساز حافظه‌کاری افراد ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار افت می‌کند. این کاهش در افراد غیر ورزشکار به میزان معناداری بیشتر از افراد ورزشکار بود. همچنین حافظه‌کاری هر دو گروه پس از گذشت ۵ و ۷ دقیقه بهبود یافت و عملکرد گروه ورزشکار در این مراحل از گروه غیرورزشکار به میزان معناداری بهتر بود. طبق نتایج این پژوهش، افراد ورزشکار نسبت به افراد غیر ورزشکار پس از فعالیت وامانده‌ساز عملکرد بهتری در آزمون حافظه‌کاری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

the effect of acute exhausting exercise on the working memory of young athletes and non-athletes

نویسندگان [English]

  • hojat dehghanzade 1
  • hossein samadi 2
  • taher afshar nejad 3
1 Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Recently, the effect of the intensity and type of physical activity on executive functions has been the focus of many researchers. Our aim of this research was to investigate the effect of acute exhausting exercises on working memory of young athletes and non-athletes. The research method was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included male athletes and non-athletes, and the research sample included male athletes and non-athletes in Yazd. N-back 2 test was used to measure working memory and conconi training protocol was used as a retention training protocol. The working memory test was performed immediately after the conconi test, after 7 and 15 minutes. The mixed ANOVA method was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that immediately after the conconi test, the working memory of athletes and non-athletes drops. This decrease was significantly higher in non-athletes than in athletes. Also, the working memory of both groups improved after 5 and 7 minutes, and the working memory of the athlete group was significantly better than the non-athlete group in these stages. According to the results of this research, athletes had better performance in the working memory test than non-athletes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • working memory
  • exhausting exercise
  • athletes
  • young

مراجع

Aly, M., & Kojima, H. (2020). Acute moderate-intensity exercise generally enhances neural resources related to perceptual and cognitive processes: A randomized controlled ERP study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 19, 100363.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100363
Browne, S. E., Flynn, M. J., O’Neill, B. V., Howatson, G., Bell, P. G., & Haskell-Ramsay, C. F. (2017). Effects of acute high-intensity exercise on cognitive performance in trained individuals: A systematic review. Progress in brain research, 234, 161-187.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.06.003
Chang, Y. K., Tsai, C. L., Huang, C. C., Wang, C. C., & Chu, I. H. (2014). Effects of acute resistance exercise on cognition in late middle-aged adults: general or specific cognitive improvement?. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(1), 51-55.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.007
Coco, M., Buscemi, A., Guerrera, C. S., Di Corrado, D., Cavallari, P., Zappalà, A., ... & Perciavalle, V. (2020). Effects of a bout of intense exercise on some executive functions. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 898.‏ DOI:  10.3390/ijerph17030898
Dietrich, A. (2006). Transient hypofrontality as a mechanism for the psychological effects of exercise. Psychiatry research, 145(1), 79-83.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2005.07.033
Dietrich, A., & Audiffren, M. (2011). The reticular-activating hypofrontality (RAH) model of acute exercise. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(6), 1305-1325.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.001
Esmaeilzadeh, S., & Siahkouhian, M. (2019). Validity of the modified Conconi test for determining of the maximal lactate steady state in young male athletes. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 14(28), 15-27. doi: 10.22080/jaep.2017.9678.1467.[In persian]
Heisler, S. M., Lobinger, B. H., & Musculus, L. (2023). A developmental perspective on decision making in young soccer players: The role of executive functions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 65, 102362.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102362
Jung, M., Ryu, S., Kang, M., Javadi, A. H., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2022). Evaluation of the transient hypofrontality theory in the context of exercise: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75(7), 1193-1214.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211048807
Khandekar, P., Shenoy, S., & Sathe, A. (2023). Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response to acute high intensity intermittent exercise during executive function processing. The Journal of General Psychology, 150(3), 295-322.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2022.2048785
Latzman, R. D., Elkovitch, N., Young, J., & Clark, L. A. (2010). The contribution of executive functioning to academic achievement among male adolescents. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(5), 455-462.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390903164363
Loprinzi, P. D. (2018). Intensity-specific effects of acute exercise on human memory function: Considerations for the timing of exercise and the type of memory. Health promotion perspectives, 8(4),  255–262. doi: 10.15171/hpp.2018.36
Ludyga, S., Pühse, U., Lucchi, S., Marti, J., & Gerber, M. (2019). Immediate and sustained effects of intermittent exercise on inhibitory control and task-related heart rate variability in adolescents. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 22(1), 96-100.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.027
Lutzenberger, W., Preissl, H., & Pulvermüller, F. (1995). Fractal dimension of electroencephalographic time series and underlying brain processes. Biological Cybernetics, 73, 477-482.‏   DOI: 10.1007/BF00201482
McMorris, T. (2021). The acute exercise-cognition interaction: From the catecholamines hypothesis to an interoception model. International journal of psychophysiology, 170, 75-88.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.005
Mehren, A., Diaz Luque, C., Brandes, M., Lam, A. P., Thiel, C. M., Philipsen, A., & Özyurt, J. (2019). Intensity-dependent effects of acute exercise on executive function. Neural Plasticity, 2019.‏  https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8608317
Mekari, S., Fraser, S., Bosquet, L., Bonnéry, C., Labelle, V., Pouliot, P., ... & Bherer, L. (2015). The relationship between exercise intensity, cerebral oxygenation and cognitive performance in young adults. European journal of applied physiology, 115(10), 2189-2197.‏ DOI:10.1007/s00421-015-3199-4
Moreau, D., & Chou, E. (2019). The acute effect of high-intensity exercise on executive function: a meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(5), 734-764.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/174569161985056
Park, S., & Etnier, J. L. (2019). Beneficial effects of acute exercise on executive function in adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16(6), 423-429.‏ DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0219
Pirkhaefi, A., & Bajalan, S. (2020). the clinical creativity therapy model (CCTM) on attention and memory in children with dyscalculia. Journal of Innovation and Creativity in Human Science, 10(2), 29-64. [In persian]
Shi, B., Mou, H., Tian, S., Meng, F., & Qiu, F. (2022). Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Flexibility in Young Adults with Different Levels of Aerobic Fitness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9106.‏ https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159106
 Shibuya, K. I., Tanaka, J., Kuboyama, N., & Ogaki, T. (2004). Cerebral oxygenation during intermittent supramaximal exercise. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 140(2), 165-172.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2003.11.004
Smith, J. C., Nielson, K. A., Antuono, P., Lyons, J. A., Hanson, R. J., Butts, A. M., ... & Verber, M. D. (2013). Semantic memory functional MRI and cognitive function after exercise intervention in mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Alzheimer's disease, 37(1), 197-215.‏ DOI: 10.3233/JAD-130467
Su, R., Wang, C., Liu, W., Han, C., Fan, J., Ma, H., ... & Zhang, D. (2022). Intensity-dependent acute aerobic exercise: Effect on reactive control of attentional functions in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude. Physiology & Behavior, 250, 113785.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113785
Sudo, M., Komiyama, T., Aoyagi, R., Nagamatsu, T., Higaki, Y., & Ando, S. (2017). Executive function after exhaustive exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 117(5), 2029-2038.‏ DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3692-z
Tsai, C. Y., Li, R. H., Wang, C. C. (2022). Effect of acute resistance exercise to inhibitory control: Perspective of intensity and training. Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 36, 291-299.
Tsai, C. L., Chen, F. C., Pan, C. Y., Wang, C. H., Huang, T. H., & Chen, T. C. (2014). Impact of acute aerobic exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on visuospatial attention performance and serum BDNF levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 41(10), 121-131.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.014
 Voss, M. W., Weng, T. B., Narayana-Kumanan, K., Cole, R. C., Wharff, C., Reist, L., ... & Pierce, G. L. (2020). Acute exercise effects predict training change in cognition and connectivity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 52(1), 131-140. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002115
Wang, C. H., Baumgartner, N., Nagy, C., Fu, H. L., Yang, C. T., & Kao, S. C. (2023). Protective effect of aerobic fitness on the detrimental influence of exhaustive exercise on information processing capacity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102301.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102301
Zhu, Y., Sun, F., Li, C., Huang, J., Hu, M., Wang, K., ... & Wu, J. (2022). Acute effects of mindfulness-based intervention on athlete cognitive function: An fNIRS investigation. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 20(2), 90-99.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.01.003

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 فروردین 1402

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار