بررسی عوامل انگیزش فعالیت‌بدنی سالمندان: یک پژوهش کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی / Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license/ Open Access

نویسنده

گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی عوامل انگیزش فعالیت‌بدنی سالمندان استان آذربایجان غربی با رویکرد افزایش مشارکت، بر اساس نظریه خودمختاری ﺑﻮد. تحقیق حاضر، توصیفی- پیمایشی است که به صورت مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند انجام گرفت. از بین سالمندان 75-65 ساله استان آذربایجان غربی، ابتدا با روش نمونه هدفمند، تعداد 20 نفر (10 زن و 10 مرد) به عنوان نمونه برای مصاحبه کیفی انتخاب شدند. ابتدا بر اساس مبانی نظری و پیشینه تحقیق، مولفه های انگیزش بر اساس نظریه خودمختاری، تهیه گردید. محتوی مصاحبه ها با استفاده از روش کدگذاری باز، مقوله های محوری، و کدهای گزینشی، کدگذاری گردید. نتایج نشان داد: عوامل انگیزش درونی سالمندان برای فعالیت‌بدنی شامل مولفه های لذت بخشی، تفریح و سرگرمی، ارزشمندی فعالیت‌بدنی، و علاقه مندی به فعالیت‌بدنی؛ عوامل تنظیمات درآمیخته با خود، شامل مولفه های رشد شخصی، ارزش اساسی زندگی، هدف اصلی زندگی، و اعتقاد به فعالیت‌بدنی؛ عوامل تنظیمات خودپذیر، شامل ظاهر و تناسب اندام، آمادگی جسمانی، سلامت جسمانی، بهزیستی روانشناختی، بهزیستی اجتماعی؛ عوامل تنظیمات درونفکنی شده، شامل فشار ذهنی، افکار منفی، و احساسات منفی؛ عوامل تنظیمات بیرونی، شامل افراد بااهمیت، متخصص سلامت، شناخته شدن اجتماعی، امکانات و فضاهای ورزشی؛ و در نهایت، عوامل بی انگیزشی شامل مولفه های وقتگذرانی با فعالیت‌بدنی، و فعالیت‌بدنی بی هدف بودند. در کل، پیشنهاد می شود برای ترفیع مشارکت، در طراحی برنامه های فعالیت‌بدنی سالمندان، به مجموعه ای از عوامل انگیزشی درونی، بیرونی، و بی‌انگیزگی آنها تاکید شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the factors motivating the elderly to engage in physical activity: A qualitative study

نویسنده [English]

  • Malek Ahmadi
Department of physical education and sport sciences, Urmia Branch,, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors motivating the elderly to engage in physical activity, with an approach to increasing participation, based on the self-determination theory (SDT). The present study is a descriptive-survey study conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews. From among the elderly aged 65-75 in West Azerbaijan province, 20 people (10 women and 10 men) were initially selected as samples for qualitative interviews using a purposive sampling method. First, based on the theoretical foundations and background of the research, motivation components were prepared based on the theory of SDT. The content of the interviews was coded using the open coding method, axial categories, and selective codes. The results showed that: the intrinsic motivation factors included the components of enjoyment, recreation and entertainment, the value of physical activity, and interest in physical activity; integrated regulation factors included personal growth components, basic life values, main life purpose, and belief in physical activity; identified regulation factors included appearance and fitness, physical fitness, physical health, psychological well-being, and social well-being; introjected regulation factors included mental pressure, negative thoughts, and negative emotions; external regulation factors included significant others, health professionals, social recognition, sports facilities and spaces; and finally, amotivational factors included components of spending time with physical activity and physical activity without a goal. In general, it is suggested that in order to promote participation, in designing physical activity programs for the elderly, a set of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivational factors should be considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical activity
  • Motivation
  • Elderly
  • Self-determination theory
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