مقایسه کارکردهای اجرایی در برخی ورزشکاران، نوازندگان و افراد عادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی / Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license/ Open Access

نویسندگان

1 گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه رفتار حرکتی و روانشناسی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی،دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.

چکیده

حافظه کاری و توجه پایدار دو مورد از توانایی‌های کارکردهای اجرایی می‌باشند. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه کارکردهای اجرایی در برخی ورزشکاران، نوازنده‌ها و افراد عادی انجام شد. روش این پژوهش علی-مقایسه‌ای بود. شرکت کنندگان شامل 47 ورزشکار، 42 نوازنده و 54 نفر فرد عادی در دامنه سنی 20 تا 35 سال بودند که به صورت نمونه گیری در دسترس و هدفمند از جامعه مردان و زنان شهرستان اراک انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش مشاهده شد در نمره حافظه کاری بین گروه نوازندگان و ورزشکاران اختلاف معنی داری نبود (P=0/059) اما این دو گروه نسبت به گروه افراد عادی با اختلاف معنی داری نمره بهتری کسب کردند (P=0/001). در آزمون توجه پایدار، در متغیر زمان بین گروه ورزشکاران و افراد عادی تفاوت معنی‌داری نبود (P=0/909)؛ اما نوازندگان با اختلاف معنی داری نمره بهتری نسبت به افراد عادی (P=0/023) و ورزشکاران (P=0/009) به دست آوردند. در متغیر تعداد پاسخ صحیح نیز نوازندگان نمره بهتری نسبت به افراد عادی کسب کردند (P=0/012) و بین دیگر گروه‌ها اختلاف معنی داری نبود. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش مشاهده شد فعالیت ورزشی و نوازندگی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر حافظه کاری و توجه پایدار در افراد دارد و نوازندگی نسبت به ورزش، توجه پایدار در تعداد پاسخ صحیح در افراد را بیشتر ارتقا می‌بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Executive Functions in Some Athletes, Musicians and Ordinary People

نویسندگان [English]

  • javad sookhtehdel 1
  • jalil moradi 2
1 Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
2 Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Working memory and sustained attention are two of the abilities of executive functions. The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions of some athletes, musicians and ordinary people. The research method was causal-comparative with comparative design of static groups. Participants included 47 athletes, 42 musicians and 54 ordinary people in the age range of 20 to 35 years who were selected by convenience sampling from the men and women of Arak city. In this research, it was observed that there was no significant difference in the working memory score between musicians and athletes (P=0.059), but these two groups scored better than the normal people group with a significant difference (P=0.001). In the sustained attention test, there was no significant difference in the time variable between the athlete's group and normal people (P=0.909); But the musicians obtained a better score with a significant difference (P=0.009), (P=0.023). And in the variable of the number of correct answers, only musicians scored better than normal people (P=0.012) and there was no significant difference between other groups. According to the results of this research, it was observed that sports activities and playing music have a significant effect on working memory and sustained attention in people, and performing these activities leads to the improvement of these two abilities in people.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Executive Functions
  • Working Memory
  • Sustained Attention
  • Athletes
  • Musicians
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